A GIS-based multi-proxy analysis of the evolution of subglacial dynamics of the Quebec–Labrador ice dome,northeastern Quebec,Canada     

J.M. Rice  M. Ross  R.C. Paulen  S.E. Kelley  J.P. Briner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3155-3177

The glacial records of the inner-core regions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) document complex yet coherent patterns reflecting ice-sheet change (e.g. ice-divide migration), providing unique insights into past glacial conditions. This study develops a conceptual model of subglacial dynamics evolution within a major ice-dispersal centre of the LIS in northeastern Quebec, Canada using a GIS-based analysis of the surficial geologic record. Multiple proxies of subglacial conditions (subglacial streamlined landforms, lake density and lake area over thin drift/bedrock) were analysed through grid-overlay techniques and then classified based on different proxy variables ranging from highly mobile warm-based to immobile cold-based conditions. An additional proxy (till blanket) was used to identify areas of thick till deposition, but with few proxies (few lake or landform metrics). Based on local ice-flow reconstructions, the most ‘relict’ glacial terrain zone (GTZ1) has warm-based conditions over 66% of its area and is remarkably well preserved, suggesting laterally extensive warm-based conditions during the oldest identified ice-flow phase. This relict glacial terrain is partially overprinted by two subsequent ice-flow phases in spatially restricted zones in the northeast (73% warm-based), east-central (41% warm-based), and northwest (33% warm-based) of the study area. A zone of more sluggish conditions (only 3% warm-based) was identified in the highlands at the centre of the study area, characterized by thin till cover, few landforms, yet with large patches of relatively abundant small lakes, indicative of areal scouring. No clear evidence of sustained cold-based conditions (i.e. high chemical index of alteration values or high ¹⁰Be abundances) was found in the study area. These results suggest that warm-based conditions (active erosion and/or deposition) were uniformly widespread during the earliest ice-flow phase, later becoming more spatially restricted with broader sluggish ice conditions. These spatially restricted regions of warm-based subglacial regimes were likely controlled by surrounding and down-flow ice streaming. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

内蒙古东部博克图地区石炭纪埃达克质花岗岩地质特征及构造意义     

董洋  刘敬党  刘锦  豆世勇  刘苏  张艳飞  梁帅  杨培奇  梁天意 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):135-149

报道了大兴安岭东部博克图地区二支沟岩体的岩相学、岩石地球化学以及地质年代学特征,探讨了它们的形成时代、岩石成因以及成岩构造背景。根据LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,二支沟岩体的侵位年龄为(317.2±2.2) Ma与(319.2±2.3) Ma。二支沟岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩,具高硅、富碱,低MgO、CaO的特征,属于准铝质-过铝质,高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。二支沟岩体的Ba/Nb=70.44~98.20,Ba/La=17.85~28.12,δEu具负异常,暗示源区可能为壳源,存在少量地幔物质与强氧化流体混入。此外,二支沟岩体具有高Sr和低Y、Yb的特征(Sr含量>400×10^-6,Y含量<18×10^-6,Yb含量<1.9×10^-6),与埃达克岩类似,但其更为富钾,表明二支沟岩体具有C型埃达克岩特征。二支沟岩体富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Hf、Zr等高强场元素(HFSE),其 (La/Yb)_N=12.05~18.03,轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,重稀土元素(HREE)亏损。其Rb、Ba含量和Rb/Yb(51.49~148.93)、Ba/Yb(430.17~698.83)比值明显高于MORB,与海拉尔盆地和西藏冈底斯埃达克岩相似,表明其成因为底侵作用新生的增厚的玄武质下地壳的熔融。研究区晚石炭世岩浆形成于造山阶段挤压环境。额尔古纳-兴安地块与松嫩地块于晚石炭世((317.2±2.2) Ma之后)构造背景由碰撞造山晚期的挤压、地壳加厚向造山后期的伸展、垮塌的环境转换,并向更加稳定的板内构造环境演变。  相似文献   

Refining the ice flow chronology and subglacial dynamics across the migrating Labrador Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with age constraints on deglaciation     

Jessey M. Rice  Martin Ross  Roger C. Paulen  Samuel E. Kelley  Jason P. Briner  Christina M. Neudorf  Olav B. Lian 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):519-535

The Laurentide Ice Sheet was characterized by a dynamic polythermal base. However, important data and knowledge gaps have led to contrasting reconstructions in areas such as the Labrador Ice Divide. In this study, detailed fieldwork was conducted at the southeastern edge of a major landform boundary to resolve the relative ice flow chronology and constrain the evolution of the subglacial dynamics, including the migration and collapse of the Labrador Ice Divide. Surficial mapping and analysis of 94 outcrop‐scale ice flow indicators were used to develop a relative ice flow chronology. ¹⁰Be exposure ages were used with optical ages to confine the timing of deglaciation within the study area. Four phases of ice flow were identified. Flow 1 was a northeasterly ice flow preserved under non‐erosive subglacial conditions associated with the development of an ice divide. Flow 2 was a northwest ice flow, which we correlate to the Ungava Bay Ice Stream and led to a westward migration of the ice divide, preserving Flow 2 features and resulting in Flow 3's eastward‐trending indicators. Flow 4 is limited to sparse fine striations within and around the regional uplands. The new optical ages and ¹⁰Be exposure ages add to the regional geochronology dataset, which further constrains the timing of ice margin retreat in the area to around 8.0 ka. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

云南省巧家县谓姑地区新元古代石英斑岩体形成时代及其地质意义     

金建才 《地质与勘探》2021,57(4):920-934

川-滇-黔地区是地质学者一直以来重点关注的地区之一,也是我国重要的有色金属基地之一,是滇东北成矿带的重要组成部分。本次在云南巧家县谓姑地区坪子地新发现一处石英斑岩体,该岩体岩性单一,并伴有铜矿化。本文在野外地质调查基础上,对该石英斑岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,以限定石英斑岩体侵位时代,反演岩体岩浆源区特征,总结石英斑岩体成因,并探讨其构造背景。结果显示,谓姑地区石英斑岩属高硅(SiO_2=70.41%～77.65%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.29～5.37)岩石。岩石具较高的稀土总量(∑REE为1017.12×10~(-6)～1325.20×10~(-6)),(La/Yb)_N为22.87～42.78,(Lm/Sm)_N为4.84～5.61,轻稀土富集明显,铕负异常明显(δEu=0.21～0.25),相对富集K、Rb、Th、U、Zr、Nb、Sm等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,形成于伸展拉张构造背景。石英斑岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为795.4±5.8 Ma,表明其形成于新元古代青白口纪;锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)=-7.43～-5.76,平均-6.61,二阶段模式年龄值在2.063～2.146Ga,显示源区来源于古元古代古老地壳部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为该岩体是Rondnia超大陆裂解阶段的产物。  相似文献   

胶东地区控矿剪切带脆性变形时代的Ar-Ar年代学及其对成矿的制约     

程南南  石梦岩  侯泉林  潘结南  何苗  闫方超 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3656-3672

胶东地区是典型的剪切带型金矿集中区,精确厘定该地区控矿剪切带的活动时代,可为探讨剪切带与金矿成因关系提供关键的时限约束,并且对矿床成矿模式的建立具有至关重要的意义。大量矿床地质证据显示胶东地区控矿剪切带中脆性变形活动对金矿体的形成具有直接影响,但其脆性变形时代尚不十分清楚。据此,本文在详细研究金矿体赋存特征的基础上,系统选取胶东焦家、玲珑、邓格庄、乳山这四个金矿区控矿剪切带断层泥中白云母进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究。定年结果显示,胶东地区焦家剪切带、招平剪切带以及牟乳剪切带的脆性变形时代分别为110.3±1.5Ma、122.8±1.7Ma、119.6±1.2Ma~115.8±1.4Ma。其中焦家剪切带的脆性变形时代明显晚于招平和牟乳剪切带,可能代表了焦家蚀变岩型矿化形成后易遭受后期的构造叠加。综合胶东各金矿区控矿剪切带变形时代、岩体侵位时代、成矿时代及剪切带活动特征和矿体产出特征,本文认为在多期岩体侵位以及控矿剪切带递进变形过程中,剪切带韧性变形区中由高压流体作用产生的同期脆性破裂可形成脉型矿化,如乳山金矿;而在脆-韧性和脆性变形区中发生的大规模脆性变形可导致脉型和蚀变岩型矿化的形成,如玲珑、邓格庄和焦家金矿。但随着剪切带的递进变形和隆升剥蚀,后期多期次的脆性构造变形叠加,可导致多种矿化类型出现在同一构造部位,如焦家金矿中石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿化。  相似文献   

南秦岭东部新元古代埃达克质岩的发现及其地质意义     

蔡文春  曾忠诚  赵鹏彬  杨宗永  李景晨  王明志  朱雪丽  张小明 《地质学报》2021,95(3):686-702

秦岭造山带是一条复合型大陆碰撞造山带,存在若干新元古代构造岩浆事件的遗迹,它们对深化认识南北秦岭汇聚-碰撞过程和Rodinia超大陆聚合具有重要意义。本文对南秦岭东部豆腐尖岩体英云闪长岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学研究。代表性样品的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为860.7±6.0Ma,表明其形成时代为新元古代。岩石地球化学特征表现为高SiO₂(62.41%-68.89%)、高Al₂O₃(15.33%-17.33%),富Na₂O(4.23%-5.80%)和高Na₂O/K₂O比值(1.11-2.41),富Sr(>400×10^-6),低MgO(0.55%-2.08%),低Y(7.40×10^-6-18.20×10^-6)、Yb(0.63×10^-6-1.62×10^-6),高Sr/Y比值(31.49-78.22),轻稀土元素显著富集[(La/Yb)_N>20],弱Eu正异常,具埃达克质岩特征。较高的K₂O含量(2.00%-4.31%)和低MgO以及显著的高La/Yb比值等特征指示,其具有典型高钾钙碱性埃达克质岩特征,很可能源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融,推测该岩体形成时南秦岭地壳厚度可能达到65 km。结合区域地质资料,认为豆腐尖岩体形成于陆-陆碰撞环境,是新元古代松树沟洋盆闭合后北秦岭和南秦岭碰撞造山的产物,是Rodinia超大陆聚合事件在该地区的岩浆响应。新元古代早期商南豆腐尖高钾钙碱性埃达克质岩的首次识别为限定南-北秦岭碰撞事件提供了有力约束。  相似文献   

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉地球化学特征及成矿时代     

张立平  李鹏  黄志飚  刘翔  李建康  黄小强  苏俊男  周芳春  曾乐  陈虎  姜鹏飞 《矿床地质》2021,40(6):1267-1284

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田是中国近年来新发现的一处重要的花岗伟晶岩型铌、钽、锂等稀有金属矿产地,文章针对矿田含锂伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其与花岗岩的关系,选取传梓源锂铌钽矿床内规模最大的206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉开展地球化学和白云母Ar-Ar定年工作,并与区内其他伟晶岩、花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩时代对比分析.传梓源206号锂辉石伟晶岩属高分异稀有金属伟晶岩,形成时代为(135.4±1.4)Ma,岩石地球化学表现为高硅、高铝、低钙、相对富碱、钙碱性及过铝质特征;稀土元素总量很低,以轻稀土元素为主;微量元素富集Cs、Rb、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,相对亏损Ba、Ti,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值低且集中.幕阜山地区稀有金属成矿可分为2期:第1期稀有金属成矿时代约145 Ma,与燕山早期岩浆活动有关;第2期稀有金属成矿时代135～125 Ma,为主成矿期,该期稀有金属伟晶岩与燕山晚期的二云母二长花岗岩存在成因联系,两者为同源岩浆连续结晶分异过程中不同阶段的产物.稀有金属富集成矿经历了岩浆-热液两阶段作用,Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有元素的富集多发生于岩浆结晶分异晚期,热液作用使Ta、Li、Rb、Cs再次富集.  相似文献   

思茅和呵叻盆地钾盐矿研究新进展和新认识     

颜茂都  张大文  李明慧 《地学前缘》2021,28(6):10-28

思茅盆地与呵叻盆地属于同一大地构造带。二者的含钾盐建造在区域分布、沉积特征、成盐层位、析盐矿物组合特征及物质来源等方面具有良好的可比性,是中国海相找钾实现突破的重要潜在区之一。尽管目前对两地钾盐矿的成矿认识取得了许多进展,但对于二者的关系和成矿模式及规律等还存在着较大争议。为了下一步更好地建立思茅盆地钾盐矿的成矿规律和实现深部找钾的突破,本文从构造背景、地层年代、古气候环境和物质来源等方面对最近一些重要进展和认识做了梳理,现已确定:(1)思茅陆块与印度支那陆块在中生代可能为统一的整体,思茅与呵叻盆地基本位于副热带高压带内,在晚三叠世、中—晚侏罗世和晚白垩世具有较好的成盐成钾构造和古气候条件;(2)思茅和呵叻盆地在含钾盐及其下伏地层沉积期间可能具有相似的潜在物源区,包括扬子、松潘—甘孜、可可西里、义敦、北羌塘和南羌塘陆块等;(3)思茅与呵叻盆地钾盐矿的成钾物质主要来自陆源水体,同时也有海水和深部热液补给;(4)思茅和呵叻盆地含钾盐地层的年代部分重叠,但不完全吻合;(5)勐野井钾盐矿与呵叻钾盐矿可能系非同期矿床。综合构造和气候等证据,推测思茅盆地在约85.0 Ma这一呵叻钾盐矿成矿的时段就可能具有了重要的成钾潜力。  相似文献   

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素公婆泉组变质火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

孟庆涛  徐翠  张正平  董洪凯  薛鹏远 《矿物岩石》2021,41(1):67-79

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素一带公婆泉组变质火山岩主要由钠长阳起岩、斜长阳起岩和斜长阳起片岩组成。三者主量元素显示相对高钠w(Na_2O)=0.32%~2.46%,低钾w(K_2O)=0.08%~0.38%、钛w(TiO_2)=0.93%~1.03%,略富镁w(MgO)=9.61%~12.04%、钙w(CaO)=9.96%~12.53%特征。w(SiO_2)为45.48%~48.76%,A-C-FM和((al+fm)-(c+alk))-Si原岩判别图解显示其原岩为基性火山岩。Zr/Ti-Nb/Y和FeO~t/MgO-w(SiO_2)图解显示亚碱性玄武岩,拉斑玄武岩系列特征。ΣREE(31.83~40.13×10~(-6))明显高于球粒陨石值,无铕异常,稀土配分模式为平坦型;球粒陨石标准化蛛网图显示大离子亲石元素Rb, Ba, K相对富集,而高场强元素Nb, Ta, P,Zr, Ti亏损明显,显示与俯冲带有关火山岩特征。钠长阳起岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄475±2 Ma,时代为早奥陶世。资料研究表明,红柳河—牛圈子—白云山—洗肠井古亚洲洋自早奥陶世起持续向北俯冲,在公婆泉—东七一山一线形成时代跨度大的岩浆弧(O-S)。阿民乌素变质火山岩是该岩浆弧重要组成部分,是北山造山带早古生代洋陆转换的地质记录,对北山地区大地构造演化研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

High‐resolution reconstruction of a coastal barrier system: impact of Holocene sea‐level change          下载免费PDF全文

Mikkel Fruergaard  Thorbjørn J. Andersen  Lars H. Nielsen  Peter N. Johannessen  Troels Aagaard  Morten Pejrup 《Sedimentology》2015,62(3):928-969

This study presents a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentary effects of Holocene sea‐level rise on a modern coastal barrier system. Increasing concern over the evolution of coastal barrier systems due to future accelerated rates of sea‐level rise calls for a better understanding of coastal barrier response to sea‐level changes. The complex evolution and sequence stratigraphic framework of the investigated coastal barrier system is reconstructed using facies analysis, high‐resolution optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating. During the formation of the coastal barrier system starting 8 to 7 ka rapid relative sea‐level rise outpaced sediment accumulation. Not before rates of relative sea‐level rise had decreased to ca 2 mm yr^?1 did sediment accumulation outpace sea‐level rise. From ca 5·5 ka, rates of regionally averaged sediment accumulation increased to 4·3 mm yr^?1 and the back‐barrier basin was filled in. This increase in sediment accumulation resulted from retreat of the barrier island and probably also due to formation of a tidal inlet close to the study area. Continued transgression and shoreface retreat created a distinct hiatus and wave ravinement surface in the seaward part of the coastal barrier system before the barrier shoreline stabilized between 5·0 ka and 4·5 ka. Back‐barrier shoreline erosion due to sediment starvation in the back‐barrier basin was pronounced from 4·5 to 2·5 ka but, in the last 2·5 kyr, barrier sedimentation has kept up with and outpaced sea‐level. In the last 0·4 kyr the coastal barrier system has been prograding episodically. Sediment accumulation shows considerable variation, with periods of rapid sediment deposition and periods of non‐deposition or erosion resulting in a highly punctuated sediment record. The study demonstrates how core‐based facies interpretations supported by a high‐resolution chronology and a well‐documented sea‐level history allow identification of depositional environments, erosion surfaces and hiatuses within a very homogeneous stratigraphy, and allow a detailed temporal reconstruction of a coastal barrier system in relation to sea‐level rise and sediment supply.  相似文献